Recruitment & Selection at Sri Lankan Supermarkets: Are we on the correct track?





Mihirani Dissanayake et al (2020) from Survey Research Lanka, a full-service independent marketing and social research. Consultancy Company and First established Media Research Unit in the country highlighted that ‘Though supermarket retailing is relatively smaller in size than general trading retailers, the sector has witnessed an exponential growth which is steady and sustainable in the foreseeable future in Sri Lanka. Though the bigger revenue maker is the general trade for businesses, the future is undoubtedly supermarket retailers’.

In addition, Wanninayake and Randiwela (2007) expounding on the expansion states that the supermarkets initially started in the 1980s see an expansion after the year 2000, and today, the supermarket industry is at the industry’s growing life cycle stage. In contrast, Oxford Business Group (2016) also provides supporting data from their research, ‘Sri Lanka’s modern supermarket-hypermarket segment is among the fastest-growing sectors, with supermarket penetration increasing from 5% in 2005 to around 8% in 2012. The dominant players in the sector include Cargills Food City, Keells Super, Laugfs Sunup, Arpico, and Lanka Sathosa. Cargills chains command a ~50% market share in terms of turnover, with the company holding over 220 outlets spread across the country.’     

With this exponential growth in the industry, a question that is being asked by most is, “Are human  resource personnel ready to cater to the increasing human resource demands of the supermarket sector in Sri Lanka?”


In order to get a better understanding of this question within the global context, this article investigated HR recruitment and selection practices of Tesco; the biggest private-sector employer in the UK is a classic testament as to how they have successfully faced this human resource demand within the industry. Times Newspaper Limited and MBA Publishing Ltd (2008) give details that the company has more than 360,000 employees worldwide. In the UK, Tesco stores range from small local Tesco Express sites to large Tesco Extras and superstores. Expanding internationally is a part of Tesco’s strategy to diversify and grow the business. Tesco operates in 12 countries outside the UK, including China, Japan, Thailand, Turkey, and the United States. 

According to these publishers, Tesco has a structured process for recruitment and selection to attract applicants for both managerial and operational roles. The publishers’ mention that Tesco ‘plans ahead’ and uses a ‘workforce planning table’ as its recipe to manage its changing demand for staff. This planning process runs each year from the last week in February. There are quarterly reviews done in May, August, and November, this way it gives Tesco the flexibility to adjust staffing levels and recruit where necessary. Also, this allows Tesco sufficient time to meet its demands for staff and allows the company to meet its strategic objectives. 

According to the article, positions become available because the company opens new stores in the UK and expands internationally, employees leave the company – when they retire or resign – or get promoted to other positions within Tesco, and changes in Tesco’s processes and technology. Therefore, Tesco need to employ a ‘plan ahead’ strategy in order to recruit on a regular basis for both the food and non-food parts of the business.

This article also investigates the methods used by Tesco for recruitment. The company seeks the most cost-effective way of attracting the right applicants. Tesco first looks at its internal talent plan to fill a vacancy. If there are no suitable people in this talent plan or developing on the internal management development programme, Tesco advertises the post internally on its intranet for two weeks. For external recruitment, Tesco advertises vacancies via the Tesco website www.tesco-careers.com or through vacancy boards in stores. Applications are made online for managerial positions. The chosen applicants have an interview followed by attendance at an assessment center for the final stage of the selection process. People interested in store-based jobs with Tesco can approach stores with their CVs or register through Jobcentre Plus. The store prepares to await a list of people applying in this way and calls them in as jobs become available. For harder-to-fill or more specialist jobs, such as bakers and pharmacists, Tesco advertises externally: through its website and offline media, through television and radio by placing advertisements on Google or in magazines such as The Appointment Journal (Times Newspaper Limited and MBA Publishing Ltd, 2008).

Keells supermarket chain, on the other hand, employs recruitment methods similar to Tesco. According to their Recruitment Policy Manuel (2016), the Manager, Talent Acquisition looks at the people on the internal talent pipeline or developing on the internal management development programme to fill a vacancy. As other options, Keells advertise the post internally on its intranet for managerial and head office positions.


In addition, vacancies for Keells in store-based jobs are displayed on banners at the store premises (for stores located in suburbs and outskirts of the city), head office, and training center notice boards. People interested in store-based jobs with Keells can also call the recruitment hotline number, email their job application to careers.jms@keells.com or forward the application through ‘Keellssuper Careers’ Facebook page. Furthermore, they can approach stores with their CV, the store prepares to await a list of people applying in this way and calls them in as jobs become available. A successful referral scheme (bring-a-friend) is also employed by Keells with attractive incentives for the staff members who do the referrals. Also, Keells advertises externally: through its Facebook page and state newspapers. Moreover, the 'Rekiya Saviya' campaign, an extensive island-wide recruitment campaign is employed by Keells with added benefits for new recruits. According to their annual report, during 2019/20, over 1,900 individuals were recruited to their 109 plus supermarkets across Sri Lanka. Cargills also carried out traditional regional recruitment activities during the mentioned financial year (Annual Report, 2019/20).

Argue (2015) cites Henderson (2011, p.84) elaborating that the selection process is a major process in strategic human resource management in order for an organization to sustain competitive advantage. According to Henderson, each step in the recruitment and selection process needs careful time and consideration. Decisions made in the recruitment and selection stage will impact the company in the future. Bad decisions made in the selection process can create serious costs for an organization.

Tesco considers screening candidates as a very important part in their selection process to ensure the best fit with the job requirements. The below diagram explains the process Tesco uses to select external management candidates; 

HR Recruitment Policies of Tesco and local supermarket operators like Keells and GLOMARK allow Line managers for the job on offer take part in the interview to make sure that the candidate fits the job requirements. Candidates face these interviews after they are approved by the internal assessment centers.  

Times Newspaper Limited and MBA Publishing Ltd (2008) concludes their article by showing the importance of Tesco having people with the right skills and behaviors to support its growth and development. As discussed earlier, Tesco and local supermarket operators have lots of similarities in their recruitment and selection process. They provide many job opportunities, including management, graduate, school leaver, and apprentice posts; has clear organizational

structures, detailed job descriptions and person specifications. It provides user-friendly ways of

applying for jobs and a consistent approach to recruitment and selection. On a positive note, this means local supermarkets are on the right path and they could successfully manage its changing demand for staff.

Reference list:

All Answers Ltd. November 2018. Supermarket Culture in Sri Lanka. (online). Available from: https://ukdiss.com/litreview/the-sri-lankan-retail-market-marketing.php?vref=1 (Accessed 15 October 2020).

Argue, M. (2015). The Importance of the Strategic Recruitment and Selection Process on Meeting an Organisations Objectives. Dissertation. Dublin Business School. Available at: https://esource.dbs.ie/bitstream/handle/10788/2873/mba_argue_m_2015.pdf?sequence=1 (Accessed 20 October 2020).

Cargills. (2020). Cargills (Ceylon) PLC – Annual Report 2019-20. Available at: https://www.cargillsceylon.com/pdf/annual-reports/Cargills%20(Ceylon)%20PLC%20-%20Annual%20Report%202019-20.pdf  (Accessed: 15 October 2020).

Dissanayake, M, Rathnasothy, M. (2020).2020 AND BEYOND: TRENDS SHAPING SUPERMARKETS FOR THE FUTURE FROM A RETROSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE PAST DECADE AS PER SRL’, Daily News, July 8, 2020. Available at: https://www.dailynews.lk/2020/07/08/finance/222626/2020-and-beyond-trends-shaping-supermarkets-future-retrospective-view-past#:~:text=In%20Sri%20Lanka%2C%20household%20penetration,steady%20but%20a%20sustainable%20growth. (Accessed: 20 October 2020).

Keels Super. (2020). John Keells Holdings PLC AR 2019 20 CSE. Available at: https://www.keells.com/annual-reports (Accessed: 15 October 2020).

Times Newspaper Limited and MBA Publishing Ltd (2008), Recruitment and selection. Available at:  http://colbournecollege.weebly.com/uploads/2/3/7/9/23793496/tesco-recruitment__selection.pdf. (Accessed: 20 October 2020).

Comments


  1. Hi Mihiran, This is additional for you, Keells as a leading retailer is striving to deliver its core purpose “to improve the quality of life for the nation”. To deliver on our core purpose, we have to grow and develop Sri Lanka’s best retail team. If you want to come on this journey with us, to deliver retail excellence, then we can really support your ambitions and future growth (careers.keells, 2020).

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Hi Ranga, thanks for the input. Yes, to become the Sri Lanka's best retail team, the company need to attract best talent in the market at the same time develop the existing talent pipeline. According to Ngui Thomas Katua et al (2014), firms that are able to attract, recruit, and retain talent employees via HRM will gain a competitive edge in the dynamic market. A resourcing strategy should therefore explore methods of recruiting the number of people required and finding staff with the necessary skills and experience, who are likely to deliver the desired sort of behavior and who will fit into the organization’s culture readily.

      Delete

  2. Over the years, we can now see a shift in recruiting practices, primarily affected by socio-economic conditions, as well as growth and technological impact. Although the recruiting industry has evolved from hand-written CVs to walk-in apps, the industry continues to evolve. After 2010, more people have been using social networking sites to hire workers and to apply for jobs. Personal branding has taken center stage, and there are ever-present and rising social networks (Gerome, 2018).

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Hi Malinga. I agree with you on the technological advancement and the employer branding for recruitment and selection in the modern era. However, careful planning prior to implementing the technologies is important. Failing to anticipate issues such as compatibility with existing systems and practices, training of staff, upgrading and maintenance costs, security, handling applicant volumes, unreliable vendors, applicant cheating, and possible negative applicant reactions could generate more problems than solutions (Chapman et al, 2003).

      Delete
  3. According to the Williamson et al. (2003), recruitment method can be different to each other for ability to communicate different type of information. For an example super market assistants will be recruited by a walk in interview and for a higher position there will be a need of a test.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Moreover, personnel selection includes three key steps: recruitment, selection and implementation for work (Listwan 2010, p.80). Well-conducted recruitment and selection process is extremely important for the organization, because it permits for in-depth and objective verification of candidates in terms of meeting their employer's expectations and leads to their employment. The main task and purpose of the personnel selection team is not the process itself, but the final choice of a person who meets all criteria and is unambiguously suitable for a given position (Sołek-Borowska and Wilczewska, 2018).

      Delete
  4. Fernandez and Weinberg (1997) find strong empirical evidence of the employer's preference for referrals v is-a-vis other candidates after the quality of resumes, including relevant socio-technical characteristics, are taken into account. But this method violates the equal opportunity rights for equal employment.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Beyond individual company practices and challenges, it is clear that there are specific and common gender gap challenges within industries. This is thus an area ripe for intra-industry collaboration and for improved public-private collaboration, to balance both public and business interest. Such collaborations and partnerships are currently relatively rare but there are emerging experiments that indicate the greater efficiency for business and improved societal outcomes are possible through such approaches (World Economic Forum, 2016).

      Delete
  5. Organization should continuously evaluate their workforce to make sure that they have the right people with the right skills in the right places to ensure sustained competitive advantage (Barney, 2001). Selection is the process by which specific objectives are engaged to choose an individual from a group which match to the most suitable job available (Ofori & Aryeetey, 2011).

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Consistency of assessment centres shouldn’t dismiss all other information as likely to contaminate the objectivity of the assessment. Meaningful recommendations -whether it is for assessment or development -need to put assessment centre ratings into context, the context of career achievements, work performance outcomes, 360 feedback data and psychometric test results. The gain comes from using this knowledge to improve the decision making -either in selection or promotion decisions or in guiding the development of high potential candidates (Envisia Learning, 2018)

      Delete
  6. There has been a major rise in the usage of the Internet to recruit and select individuals (Hopkins & Markham, 2003). Because of e-recruitment, saving cost and time has become easy, based on research evidence by (Hart, Doherty & EllisChadwick, 2000).

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Yes it is true. Moreover, introducing a new technology in the recruitment process can have many benefits for organizations in the recruitment process but research about this is scarce. The possible benefits include time savings, cost reduction, reaching a broader audience and more accurate and detailed information about applicants. Benefits of e-recruiting can differ between organizations, because every organization has its own strategy, and recruitment objectives should support that strategy (Sołek-Borowska and Wilczewska, 2018).

      Delete
  7. The retail industry faces a high level of competition as well as difficulty finding long-term committed employees. Without a strong recruitment strategy, you may find it challenging to hire retail employees in a timely and cost-efficient way.
    Developing and implementing a recruitment strategy can help you evaluate and meet your hiring goals, as well as set up a long-term plan for keeping employees around. With the right tools, communication, and research, you can find employees committed to helping your retail store grow.
    There is no one-size-fits-all approach to retail hiring. However, these five tips can help you develop a strategy that fits your company’s unique challenges and needs. By getting to know your unique candidate base, creating a strong employer brand, and utilizing recruitment data and tools, you can improve your recruitment process and make smarter hiring decisions. (Harver. 2018).

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Thanks for the input Melissa. The report from World Economic Forum (2016), recommends reinventing the HR Function: As business leaders begin to consider proactive adaptation to a new talent landscape, they need to manage skills disruption as an urgent concern. They must understand that talent is no longer a long-term issue that can be solved with tried and tested approaches that were successful in the past or by instantly replacing existing workers. Instead, as the rate of skills change accelerates across both old and new roles in all industries, proactive and innovative skill-building and talent management is an urgent issue. What this requires is an HR function that is rapidly becoming more strategic and has a seat at the table—one that employs new kinds of analytical tools to spot talent trends and skills gaps, and provides insights that can help organizations align their business, innovation and talent management strategies to maximize available opportunities to capitalize on transformational trends.

      Delete
  8. Otoo , Assuming and Agyei (2018) explained ,To manage a diverse workforce effectively, an organization must hire the most capable candidate for a job, while being mindful of the necessity to build a workforce that is representative of the greater business community. This may be achieved through using more appropriate and inclusive recruitment and selection strategies. Cole (2002) stated that the principal purpose of recruitment activities is to attract sufficient and suitable potential employees to apply for vacancies in an organization. The principal purpose of selection activities, by comparison, is to identify the most suitable applicants and persuade them to accept a position in the organization.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. While this being true, attracting the best and the brightest is vital for a company’s survival and development since the human capital is a valuable resource that does contribute for the organization success (Xie, Bagozzi & Meland, 2015). As the talent shortage has been increased within the global context, to attract and retain the best talent in organizations the ‘employer brand’ has been significantly used during last three decades (Theurer, Tumasjan, Welpe & Lievens, 2016).

      Delete
  9. In this knowledge era, the phenomenon of increased competition between firms and their
    need to respond turbulent business environment in order to survive in a dynamic business
    environment. Within this changing business environment human resource management plays
    a strategic role in managing people and their workplace culture and business environment
    (Janice 1997). The degree of effectiveness of the HRM practices contributes greatly to the
    overall success of the company and accomplishment of its goals and objectives (Opatha
    2003). Therefore, HRM practices have been identified as one of the main sources of
    competitive advantage of the today’s company.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. An organization’s resources can be divided into tangible (financial, technological, physical and human) and intangible (brand-name, reputation and know-how) resources. Barney (1991) argued that resources lead to sustainable competitive advantage when they are valuable, rare, inimitable, and non substitute. Resources such as technology, natural resources, finances and economies of scale can create value, however the resource based theory argues that this sources of value are available to all and easy to copy, compared to complex social systems like human resources.

      Delete
  10. As you explain on selecting suitable employee is crucial for an organization. The selection of right candidates for the right positions will help the organization to achieve its desired goals and objectives. When selection of the employees takes place, it is vital to ensure that they possess the desired qualifications, skills and abilities that are required to perform the job duties in a well-organized manner (Radhika, 2018).

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. To do this effective recruitment is important for an organization as it provides numerous benefits in the long run. To do effective recruitment Desseler (2014) emphasized that employers require a proper brand to differentiate themselves from other competitors and to gain competitive advantages in the labor market.

      Delete
  11. While agreeing with your statement and wish to comment that increasing organizational success in competition and maintaining it is based on the basic requirement of recruiting talented staff (Anand, 2016), therefore, Barriers in the recruitment process can be solved by e-recruitment, where recruits will have easy access to apply for a posted vacancy.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Though it sounds like a vision of the future filled with solutions that will significantly simplify the work of human resource management teams; however, quite a large percentage of specialists are still wary of entrusting the decision-making process to machines. The significant potential in the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning has been proven many times, but there is still a long way to go for the HR industry to fully use them or just to convince them to be used in an appropriate way (Morgan J. 2014, p. 6–10).

      Delete
  12. There is a variety of recruitment approaches (e.g. employee referral, campus recruitment, advertising, recruitment agencies/consultants, job sites/portals, company websites, social media etc.); and most organizations will use a combination of two or more of these as part of a recruitment process or to deliver their overall recruitment strategy(Sinha & Thaly, 2013).

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Organizations can take one of three actions to fulfill their employee resourcing: 1) reallocate tasks between employees, so that existing staff take on more or different work. 2) re allocate people within the company; and 3) recruit new staff from the external job market. The emphasis is on flexible working practices, requiring multi-skilled workers and sophisticated assessment and development programmes (Katua et al., 2014).

      Delete
  13. Continuously Evolving changes in the FMCG industry warrant for suitable recruitment & selection. Ideally I agree with your outcome as people component can make or break any organization. With existing supermarkets growing bigger with integrated supply chains suitable recruitment will provide the competitive advantage from several perspectives.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Introducing a new technology in the recruitment process can have many benefits for organizations in the recruitment process but research about this is scarce. The possible benefits include time savings, cost reduction, reaching a broader audience and more accurate and detailed information about applicants (Sołek-Borowska and Wilczewska, 2018).

      Delete
  14. Hi Mihiran, recruitment and selection of individuals in organizations takes place as a result of a formal and systematic process and employees must have a thorough knowledge of the strategies and strategies required to implement recruitment and selection (Radhika, 2020). Legislation and good training and recruitment resources and selection methods as well as having skills and competencies in interviewing and evaluating potential employees highlight the importance of recruitment and selection (Radhika, 2020).

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Leaders who create visions that lead to employee engagement should identify and connect with leading customers, anticipate technology and industry trends, determine how to leverage their core competencies to move into new markets, and find ways to involve employees in defining and shaping their strategy. Nokia leaders knew that the cellular phone devices strategy which had been so successful had to morph to being an internet company where content on the devices defined their future.They held broad-based employee ‘café’ meetings where employees throughout the company could learn about the future and engage in discussing the strategy. As the Nokia internet strategy emerges,employees who participated in it will be more engaged with it (Storey et al., 2009).

      Delete
  15. Jovanovich (2004) has pointed out recruitment as a process of attracting a pool of high-quality applicants to select the best among them. For this reason, top-performing companies devoted considerable resources and energy to creating a high-quality selection system. Recruitment is a process of searching potential applicants for a suitable post/vacancy or an anticipating vacancy and encourages them to apply for the said post/vacancy as well, selecting a suitable person for a suitable post will ensure the goal of the organization (Noe et al., 2006).

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Whether it is for assessment or development -need to put assessment centre ratings into context, the context of career achievements, work performance outcomes, 360 feedback data and psychometric test results.The gain comes from using this knowledge to improve the decision making -either in selection or promotion decisions or in guiding the development of high potential candidates (Envisia Learning, 2018).

      Delete
  16. For a company to stay competitive it must recruit, select and retain an efficient and effective team of employees (Taylor, 2002).

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Moreover, the effective recruitment is important for an organization as it provides numerous benefits in the long run. To do effective recruitment Desseler (2014) emphasized that employers require a proper brand to differentiate themselves from other competitors and to gain competitive advantages in the labor market (Weerawardane and Weerasinghe, 2018).

      Delete

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Employer branding at Keells : Strategic implications for staff recruitment